TABLE 1
Tacit and explicit sources of agricultural indigenous knowledge by district (N=181)
|
Knowledge sources
|
Districts
N
|
Mpwapwa
|
|
Karagwe
|
|
Kasulu
|
|
Moshi Rural
|
|
Kilosa
|
|
Songea Rural
|
|
Total
|
Personal experience
|
22
|
|
25
|
|
17
|
|
28
|
|
33
|
|
29
|
|
154
|
|
(12%)
|
|
(14%)
|
|
(9.4%)
|
|
(15.5%)
|
|
(18.2%)
|
|
(16%)
|
|
(85%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parents/ guardian/family
|
28
|
|
30
|
|
23
|
|
28
|
|
36
|
|
25
|
|
170
|
|
(16%)
|
|
(17%)
|
|
(13%)
|
|
(15.5%)
|
|
(19.9%)
|
|
(14%)
|
|
(94%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Neighbour/friends
|
24
|
|
28
|
|
25
|
|
28
|
|
28
|
|
23
|
|
156
|
|
(13%)
|
|
(16%)
|
|
(14%)
|
|
(15.5%)
|
|
(15.5%)
|
|
(13%)
|
|
(86%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Women’s meetings
|
-
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
|
3
|
|
5
|
|
2
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
(0.6%)
|
|
(0.6%)
|
|
(1.7%)
|
|
(2.8%)
|
|
(1.1%)
|
|
(6.6%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cattle herders
|
9
|
|
-
|
|
3
|
|
2
|
|
8
|
|
-
|
|
22
|
|
(5%)
|
|
|
|
(1.7%)
|
|
(1.1%)
|
|
(4.4%)
|
|
|
|
(12%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Demonstration and observation
|
9
|
|
1
|
|
3
|
|
21
|
|
14
|
|
9
|
|
57
|
|
(5%)
|
|
(0.6%)
|
|
(1.7%)
|
|
(11.6%)
|
|
(7.7%)
|
|
(5%)
|
|
(32%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Newsletters
|
-
|
|
1
|
|
-
|
|
9
|
|
1
|
|
2
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
(0.6%)
|
|
|
|
(5%)
|
|
(0.6%)
|
|
(1.1%)
|
|
(7.2%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posters
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
3
|
|
2
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1.7%)
|
|
(1.1%)
|
|
(2.8%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Church/mosque
|
-
|
|
2
|
|
1
|
|
9
|
|
5
|
|
1
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
(1.1%)
|
|
(0.6%)
|
|
(5%)
|
|
(2.8%)
|
|
(0.6%)
|
|
(9.9%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Social group gatherings
|
3
|
|
1
|
|
15
|
|
24
|
|
16
|
|
7
|
|
66
|
|
(1.7%)
|
|
(0.6%)
|
|
(8.3%)
|
|
(13.3%)
|
|
(8.8%)
|
|
(3.9%)
|
|
(37%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Village leaders
|
1
|
|
6
|
|
2
|
|
4
|
|
9
|
|
-
|
|
22
|
|
(0.6%)
|
|
(3.3%)
|
|
(1.1%)
|
|
(2.2%)
|
|
(5%)
|
|
|
|
(12%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Farmers’ groups
|
-
|
|
2
|
|
5
|
|
12
|
|
6
|
|
19
|
|
44
|
|
|
|
(1.1%)
|
|
(2.8%)
|
|
(6.6%)
|
|
(3.3%)
|
|
(11%)
|
|
(24%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Village meetings
|
-
|
|
3
|
|
2
|
|
5
|
|
6
|
|
-
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
(1.7%)
|
|
(1.1%)
|
|
(2.8%)
|
|
(3.3%)
|
|
|
|
(8.8%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Newspapers
|
1
|
|
3
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
4
|
|
2
|
|
10
|
|
(0.6%)
|
|
(1.7%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2.2%)
|
|
(1.1%)
|
|
(5.5%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Books
|
-
|
|
3
|
|
-
|
|
3
|
|
2
|
|
5
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
(1.7%)
|
|
|
|
(1.7%)
|
|
(1.1%)
|
|
(2.8%)
|
|
(7.2%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Seminars
|
-
|
|
5
|
|
-
|
|
2
|
|
1
|
|
4
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
(2.8%)
|
|
|
|
(1.1%)
|
|
(0.6%)
|
|
(2.2%)
|
|
(6.6%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural shows
|
1
|
|
3
|
|
3
|
|
3
|
|
2
|
|
-
|
|
12
|
|
(0.6%)
|
|
(1.7%)
|
|
(1.7%)
|
|
(1.7%)
|
|
(1.1%)
|
|
|
|
(6.6%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NGOs
|
-
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
|
10
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
(0.6%)
|
|
(0.6%)
|
|
(5.5%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(6.6%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Researchers
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
4
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2.2%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2.2%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extension officers
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
3
|
|
-
|
|
1
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1.7%)
|
|
|
|
(0.6%)
|
|
(2.2%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cooperatives
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
1
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.6%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.6%)
|
Note: The percentages are based on the total number of respondents since multiple responses were possible.
N, total number of respondents in the surveyed communities.
|